Retirement Income is it better for UK residents abroad?
Data and happiness measures are a very reliable indicator of the quality of life across countries. Think of it as a measure of happiness reflecting movements in unemployment, inflation, output, income and much more. Don't believe all you read suggesting that quality of life in the UK is rotten. We are happier than the French and the Spanish. Until the exchange rate of the Euro changed Brits were certainly better off abroad and if they had an additional part time income then they could live comfortably in the sun. The headline on a recent study published by uSwitch.com was "UK enjoys highest net income in Europe, but quality of life is poorest". The research compared ten countries by a range of dimensions and ranked them in the following order: France, Spain, Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Italy, Sweden, Ireland and finally the United Kingdom. Retirement income opportunities though are certainly best for those in the UK. The UK scored badly on life expectancy, number of holidays and prices of various goods. And, of course, we have very little sunshine. Britain, according to this study, is the worst place to live in Europe. What nonsense! This is one of the most misleading measures I have ever seen.
Most people don't have the time or the interest to look at the details of how such measures are created, but in fact the devil is in the detail. The uSwitch overall index takes 17 measures, including the price of cigarettes, the price of diesel, the amount spent on health and education, retirement age and average hours worked, and weights them all equally. So it turns out that differences in the price of a packet of cigarettes across countries are weighted the same as income per head or life expectancy. The index includes the prices of seven goods - such as fuel, food, electricity, alcohol and cigarettes - that are expensive because of the depreciation of the pound against the euro. They shouldn't be in any index. And even David Cameron can't do much about the lack of sunshine. Retirement income opportunites are often greater in the UK simply because the opportunities are there for those speaking a common language. It seems that we Brits are happier than the French and the Spanish, although we aren't as satisfied with our lives as the Danes. Interestingly, measures of happiness have fallen quite a lot recently in Spain and France as levels of unemployment have increased. But the surveys haven't moved much at all in Denmark or the UK. So what characteristics do happy people have? Happiness turns out to be higher among women, married people, the highly educated, the religious, those politically on the right wing, the non-obese, those with high income, non-smokers, the self-employed, the sexually active, those with one sex partner and those without children. Happiness is shaped in age, with people feeling at their happiest when young or retiring. These are all very consistent patterns in the data across countries and time periods.
Good and bad life events such as divorce wear off, at least partially, as people get used to them. If someone becomes unemployed, his or her individual happiness score drops considerably. But an increase in the unemployment rate lowers the happiness of everyone else as well. For well-being, it would be good to have some inflation, but bad to have any more unemployment right now.
Despite increases in gross domestic product, it turns out that happiness levels haven't moved much over time. Why not? It turns out that relative things seem to matter much more than most people think. In experiments, people care about how they are treated compared to those who are like them, and in the laboratory will even pay to hurt others to restore what they see as fairness.
In large statistical studies, reported well-being depends on a person's wage relative to an average or "comparison" wage. The outcry over bankers' bonuses suggests that people care a great deal about fairness.
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